The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.

A type of computation that harnesses the collective properties of quantum states, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement, to perform calculations.

A long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates.

A space telescope designed primarily to conduct infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, it is able to see objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope.

Vehicles that are propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. They are seen as a key technology for reducing air pollution and mitigating climate change.

A civilization that began on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world.